The areas selected as an example are mosaic images derived from satellite imagery and aerial imagery / World Imagery ESRI - FAULT MONGOLIA

The areas selected as an example are mosaic images derived from satellite imagery and aerial imagery. This is the result of the interpretation of the land surface mapping data and its subsequent processing using the ArcGIS Desktop v10.3.0. Esri Inc., application tools and also using a graphical editor.


	Cartographic image: SAT - World Imagery, ESRI
PMM: ArcGIS Desktop v10.3.0. Esri Inc., graphical editor.
Thematic layers: base layers - World Imagery ESRI, map design elements.
	
	Comment:
1. A series of images of the Earth's surface obtained on the basis of satellite data and aerial photography provide documentary evidence of catastrophic earthquakes that occurred in Mongolia. Seismic dislocations (shear deformations) are given for the North-Khangai fault zone located in the north of the country and the Bogdo fault zone in the Gobi Altai mts. 
The control areas of surface deformation are associated with catastrophic and strong earthquakes: the Great Mongolian of 1761, the Khangai (Tannuol) earthquakes: Tsetserleg (M 7.6-7.7) - June 9 and Bolnai (M 8.2-8.3) - June 23, 1905. Gobi-Altai earthquake (M 8.1-8.3) - December 4, 1957 and Bayan-Tsagan (M 6.9) - April 7, 1958. And also Fuyun (Ashan, Mongolian-Altai) (M 7.9-8.0) - August 11, 1931, Mogod earthquake on January 5, 1967 (M 7.8), Ureg-Nur earthquake (M 7.0) - May 15, 1970, Takhinshar earthquake (M 6.9-7.0) - July 4, 1974, Tsambagarav earthquake (M 6.4 ) - July 23, 1988 and others.
The set of images includes 200 control areas. The selection included sites from large tectonic faults - Khangai, Kobdo, Gobi-Altai, Fuyun, Bulgan and a number of others. To a greater extent with linear structures, clearly visible in the pictures. Some of the structures are transboundary. The name of the selection folders contains the name of the fault, the year and the name of the catastrophic earthquakes are additionally indicated.

		FOLDERS INSIDE
	02-01-KHANGAI_TSETSERLEG-1905-0609
	02-02-KHANGAI_BULNAI-1905-0623
	02-03-ALTAI_BOGDO-1957-1204
	02-04-ALTAI_KOBDO-FZ (ALTAI_KOBDO, GREAT MONGOLIAN-1761, TSAMBAGARAV-1988-0723)
	02-05-ALTAI_FUYUN-1931-0815
	02-06-ALTAI_BULGAN
	02-07-ALTAI_TSAGAN-SHIBETIN_UMUSIN-HAYRKHAN-NURUU (TSAGAAN-GOL-ICHES-NUUR, BUMBAÒ UUL, MORON)
	02-08-KHANGAI_MOGOD-1967-0105
	02-08-ALTAI_UREG-NUUR-1970-0515
	02-10-ALTAI_TAKHIN-SHAR-1974-0704
	02-11-DOPP ALL (ALTAI_SAGSAY, ALTAI_KHAN-HUHEY, ICH-BOGD...)
 

2. World Imagery (ESRI Inc.) provides one meter or better satellite and aerial imagery in many parts of the world and lower resolution satellite imagery worldwide. The map includes 15m TerraColor imagery at small and mid-scales and 2,5m SPOT Imagery for the world.  In other parts of the world, 1 meter resolution imagery is available from GeoEye IKONOS, AeroGRID, and IGN Spain. Additionally, imagery at different resolutions has been contributed by the GIS User Community.

3. World Imagery Clarity is a view of Living Atlas of the World imagery that publishes archived imagery that may be more clear and/or accurate than what is presented in the default. Additionally, imagery at different resolutions has been contributed by the GIS User Community. When preparing the design of a series of unified images, a scale scale and a circular scale with divisions in degrees were used (MapTools Inc.).
	
	Sourse:
Agatova A.R., Nepop R.K., Ganyushkin D.A., Otgonbayar D., Griga S.A., Ovchinnikov I.Yu. Influence of the 1988 earthquake on glacierization and relief of the Tsambagarav massif (Western Mongolia). Ice and Snow. 2022, 62 (1): 17-34. - [In Russian]. https://doi:10.31857/S2076673422010113.
Bachmanov D.M., Kozhurin A.I., Trifonov V.G., 2017. The Active Faults of Eurasia Database. Geodynamics & Tectonophysics 8 (4), https://doi:10.5800/GT-2017-8-4-0xxx.
Voskresensky A.G., Sankov V.A., Parfeevets A.V. Structure of seismogenig deformation in shear zones (Tsetserleg and Bolnay faults, North Mongolia) / Modern geodynamics of Central Asia and dangerous natural processes: results of research on a quantitative basis: Proceedings of the III All-Russian Society broadcasting and the II All-Russian Youth School on Modern Geodynamics (Irkutsk, September 19-23, 2016). - Irkutsk: Institute of the Earth's Crust SB RAS, 2016. pp. 76-78. - [In Russian].
Emanov A.F., Emanov A.A., Leskova E.V., Kolesnikov Yu.I., Yankaitis V.V., and Filina A.G. The Ms = 7.0 Uureg nuur earthquake of 15.05.1970 (Mongolian Altai): The aftershok process and current seismicity in the epicentral area. Geology and Geophysic 2012, ò. 53, ¹ 10, pp. 1417-1429. - [In Russian].
Zelenin E.A, Bachmanov D.M., Garipova S.T., Trifonov V.G., Kozhurin A.I. The Active Faults of Eurasia Database (AFEAD): the ontology and design behind the continental-scale dataset // Earth System Science Data. 2022. vol.14. pp. 4489-4503.
Ovsyuchenko A.N., Butanaev Yu.V., Kuzhuget K.S. (2016), Paleoseismological studies of the seismotectonic cluster in the southwest of Tuva, Bulletin of the ONZ RAS - [In Russian].
Ovsyuchenko A.N., Butanaev Yu.V. Seismic history of the Altai-Sayan region and the 2011-2012 earthquakes in Tuva / New Research of Tuva, pp. 163-181. - [In Russian].
Parfeevets A.V., Sankov V.A. Active faults and Late Cenozoic crustal stress field in the Selenga, Orchon and Tola river basin (Mongolia) / Modern geodynamics of Central Asia and dangerous natural processes: results of research on a quantitative basis: Proceedings of the III All-Russian Society broadcasting and the II All-Russian Youth School on Modern Geodynamics (Irkutsk, September 19-23, 2016). - Irkutsk: Institute of the Earth's Crust SB RAS, 2016. pp. 101-105. - [In Russian].
Rogozhin E.A., Lar’kovA.S., Demberel S., Battulga B. (2013) Recurrence of Strong Earthquakes in the Active Hovd Fault Zone, Mongolian Altay / Geotectonics, 2013, ¹ 5, pp. 36-47. https://doi:10.7868/S0016853X13050056 - [In Russian].

Choi, J.-H., Klinger, Y., Ferry, M., Ritz, J.-F., Kurtz, R., Rizza, M., … Demberel, S. (2018). Geologic inheritance and earthquake rupture processes: The 1905 M > 8 Tsetserleg-Bulnay strike-slip earthquake sequence, Mongolia. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 123, pp. 1925-1953. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/2017JB013962.
Rizza M., Ritz J.F., Prentice C., Vassalo R., Braucher R., et al.. Earthquake Geology of the Bulnay Fault (Mongolia). Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Seismological Society of America, 2015, 105 (1), pp.72-93. https://doi:10.1785/0120140119. hal-01179837v2
Schlupp A., Cisternas A. (2007) Source history of the 1905 great Mongolian earthquakes (Tsetserleg, Bolnay) / Geophys. J. Int. (2007) 169, pp. 1115-1131 https://doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03323.x
van der Wal JLN., Nottebaum V.C, Stauch G., Binnie S.A., Batkhishig O., Lehmkuhl F., Reicherter K. (2021) Geomorphological Evidence of Active Faulting in Low Seismicity Regions - Examples From the Valley of Gobi Lakes, Southern Mongolia / Frontiers in Earth Science. vol.8, article 589814. https://doi:10.3389/feart.2020.589814
	
	Data source:
Mongolian People's Republic. National Atlas / Ch. ed: V.V. Vorobyov, Sh. Tsegmid / Ulaanbaatar - Moscow. - 1990. - 144 p.
One Century of Seismicity in Mongolia. Scale 1:2 500 000, Adiya M, Ankhtsetseg D, Baasanbat T, Bayar G, Bayarsaikhan C, Erdenezul D, Mungunsuren D, Munkhsaikhan A, Munkhuu D, Narantsetseg R, Odonbaatar C, Selenge L, Tsembel D, Ulziibat M., Urtnasan K., Coordinators: Dugarmaa, T. Schlupp, A. // Pabl. Journal Reasearch Center of Astronomy and Geophysics, Mongolian Academy of Science et Departement Analyse Surveillance Environnement, CEA-France (RCAG-DASE), – 2003, – 1 sheet 
ArcGIS Online Viewer, Esri Inc. https://www.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html 
Consortium for Spatial Information of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR-CSI). http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org
Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of neotectonics and recent geodynamics, Active Faults of Eurasia Database (AFEAD), version 2022 / http://neotec.ginras.ru/index/english/database_eng.html
Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Global Earthquake Model Foundation / https://www.globalquakemodel.org/openquake 
Global Historical Earthquake Archive (GHEA) / https://www.emidius.eu/GEH/map.php 
Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP) / http://www.seismo.ethz.ch 
USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) / http://earthquake.usgs.gov/monitoring/anss/
 

Spheroid: WGS, 1984
Geographic Coordinate System (GCS Datum): World Geodetic System, WGS 1984
Projection: Web Mercator WGS 84 (Auxiliary Sphere).
Prime Meridian: Greenwich
Scale 1:45,000-1:1,000

Cartographer & Designer: Abdulmyanov S.N.
		
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